Recombinant Human SDF-1γ (CXCL12) (RMPP-00231565)
Cat. No.: RMPP-00231565
Category: Chemokines
INQUIRY
2 μg
10 μg
The SDF‐1 proteins are stromal‐derived CXC chemokines that signal primarily thro μgh the CXCR4 receptor. SDF‐1 proteins exert chemotactic activity over a broad range of immune system cell types and may also be involved in other processes including metastasis of certain cancers, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Additionally, SDF‐1 can suppress HIV entry into cells expressing the CXCR4 receptor. Five isomers of SDF‐1 have been found with SDF‐1α being the predominant form, expressing in a wide range of cell types. The SDF‐1γ isoform is distinctive in that it contains a highly basic C‐terminal region, which presumably is the reason for its high binding affinity to gylcosaminoglycans (GAG) and heparin sulfate (HS). Consequently, most of SDF‐1γ exists in a cell‐ and membrane‐bound form, which confers greater stability compared to other isoforms via increased resistance to proteolytic degradation. SDF‐1γ binds with reduced affinity to the CXCR4 receptor when compared to the α and β isoforms, but because of its increased stability can, over time, exert equal or greater activity when compared to other SDF‐1 isoforms. SDF‐1γ expression has been found primarily in the heart (human and mouse) and in the brain and central nervous system (rat). Recombinant Human SDF‐1γ (CXCL12) is an 11.6 kDa protein containing 98 amino acid residues.
Product Features
| Source | E.coli |
|---|---|
| Purity | ≥ 98% by SDS-PAGE gel and HPLC analyses. |
| Nature | Recombinant |
| Endotoxin Level | < 1 Eu/μg |
Protein Information
| UniProt ID | P48061 |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 11.6 kDa |
| Molecular Weight Information | Predicted mass is 8563.22 Da (+/- 10 Da by ESI TOF). Observed mass is 8563 Da. |
| Sequence Similarities | Belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family. |
| Protein Length | Full length protein |
| Cellular Localization | Secreted. |
| Tissue Specificity | Isoform Alpha and isoform Beta are ubiquitously expressed, with highest levels detected in liver, pancreas and spleen. Isoform Gamma is mainly expressed in heart, with weak expression detected in several other tissues. Isoform Delta, isoform Epsilon and isoform Theta have highest expression levels in pancreas, with lower levels detected in heart, kidney, liver and spleen. |
| Developmental Stage | Isoform Alpha is ubiquitously expressed in fetal tissues. Isoform Beta and isoform Delta have more limited expression patterns, with highest levels detected in fetal spleen and fetal liver, respectively. Isoform Gamma and isoform Theta are weakly detected in fetal kidney. |
| Function | Chemoattractant active on T-lymphocytes, monocytes, but not neutrophils. Activates the C-X-C chemokine receptor CXCR4 to induce a rapid and transient rise in the level of intracellular calcium ions and chemotaxis. Also binds to atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3, which activates the beta-arrestin pathway and acts as a scavenger receptor for SDF-1. SDF-1-beta(3-72) and SDF-1-alpha(3-67) show a reduced chemotactic activity. Binding to cell surface proteoglycans seems to inhibit formation of SDF-1-alpha(3-67) and thus to preserve activity on local sites. Acts as a positive regulator of monocyte migration and a negative regulator of monocyte adhesion via the LYN kinase. Stimulates migration of monocytes and T-lymphocytes through its receptors, CXCR4 and ACKR3, and decreases monocyte adherence to surfaces coated with ICAM-1, a ligand for beta-2 integrins. SDF1A/CXCR4 signaling axis inhibits beta-2 integrin LFA-1 mediated adhesion of monocytes to ICAM-1 through LYN kinase. Inhibits CXCR4-mediated infection by T-cell line-adapted HIV-1. Plays a protective role after myocardial infarction. Induces down-regulation and internalization of ACKR3 expressed in various cells. Has several critical functions during embryonic development; required for B-cell lymphopoiesis, myelopoiesis in bone marrow and heart ventricular septum formation. |
| Post-translational Modifications | Processed forms SDF-1-beta(3-72) and SDF-1-alpha(3-67) are produced after secretion by proteolytic cleavage of isoforms Beta and Alpha, respectively. The N-terminal processing is probably achieved by DPP4. Isoform Alpha is first cleaved at the C-terminus to yield a SDF-1-alpha(1-67) intermediate before being processed at the N-terminus. The C-terminal processing of isoform Alpha is reduced by binding to heparin and, probably, cell surface proteoglycans. |
Storage & Shipping
| Shipping and Storage | Shipped on Dry Ice. |
|---|
For research use only. Not for clinical use.
