Human Recombinant IL-1 beta

Interleukin 1 beta. IL-1β binds to IL-1 receptor and activates intracellular signaling via the MAPK or NF-κB pathway. IL-1β is released by monocytes, tissue macrophages, and dendritic cells in response to infection or injury and induces expression of acute-phase proteins. It also promotes the infiltration of inflammatory and immunocompetent cells from the circulation into the extravascular space and affected tissues, by stimulating the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells. IL-1β also affects other immune cells; for example, it co-stimulates T cell functions together with an antigen or mitogen. It also stimulates Th17 differentiation and B cell proliferation in an IL-6-dependent manner.