Minocycline

Minocycline is a semi-synthetic tetracycline and antibiotic broadly used to treat various bacterial infections. It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. It has also been reported to chelate with Ca2+ and Mg2+. Reported to be anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective, some of its mechanism of actions include inhibiting enzymatic activities of inducible nitric oxide synthase, matrix metalloproteinases, and phospholipase A2, inhibiting activation of caspase-1 and caspase-3, inhibiting activity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, and reduction of p38 MAPK phosphorylation. This product is supplied as the hydrochloride salt of the molecule. Enables derivation of extended pluripotent stem cells from both humans and mice. Reduces the production of interleukin-8 elicited by activation of protease-activated receptor 2 in normal human epidermal keratinocytes, thus attenuating the proinflammatory reactions. Enhances survival of neural stem cells in rat model of Ischemia. Supports neuroprotective effects in animal models of Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and spinal cord injury. Reduces bone and cartilage damage in rheumatoid arthritis via inhibition of collagenase and proteinase activity.