CHIR99021

CHIR99021 is an aminopyrimidine derivative that is an extremely potent glycogen synthase kinase. GSK3 is a serine/threonine kinase that is a key inhibitor of the WNT pathway; therefore CHIR99021 functions as a WNT activator. It shows little activity against a large panel of kinases including CDK2 and other serine/threonine kinases such as MAPK and PKB. Maintains undifferentiated mouse ES cells in combination with PD0325901, in the absence of LIF. Promotes self-renewal of human ES cells and mouse epiblast stem cells in combination with IWR-1. Allows derivation of ES cells from refractory mouse strains and rat in combination with other small molecules. Maintains human and mouse hematopoietic stem cells in cytokine-free conditions, in combination with rapamycin. Promotes growth of mouse and human intestinal stem cells. Enables chemical reprogramming. Promotes reprogramming of human somatic cells to iPS cells using OCT4, in combination with other small molecules. With OCT4, transdifferentiates human CD34+ hematopoietic cells to mesenchymal stem cells. Direct lineage reprogramming of fibroblasts to mature neurons, in combination with Valproic Acid, RepSox, Forskolin, SP600125, Gö6983 and Y-27632. Direct lineage reprogramming of fibroblasts to mature neurons, in combination with Forskolin, ISX-9, SB431542, and I-BET151. Generates mouse-like or “ground state” iPS cells from human and rat somatic cells, in combination with PD0325901 and A 83-01. Promotes differentiation of insulin-producing cells from human iPS cells. Promotes differentiation of cardiomyocytes from human ES and iPS cells. Generates and maintains primitive neural stem cells from human ES cells, in combination with SB431542 and Human Recombinant LIF.